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If a portion of a rat's pancreas is surgically removed and the rat loses its appetite, one explanation is that the removed portion contains cells that secrete a chemical signal that stimulates appetite in some way.
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, which are delivered to the intestine via small ducts (the pancreatic duct). The pancreas also secretes insulin, which is necessary for glucose metabolism regulation. The rodent pancreas is locally distributed throughout the mesentery adjacent to the duodenum, whereas the pancreas in humans, while generally located in the same location, is more compact.
The duodenum is the structure closest to the stomach, separated from it by the pyloric sphincter. When food passes from the stomach to the duodenum, it comes into contact with bile and digestive juices.
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