Option(d) The organism gained an extra chromosome because of a non-disjunction. There is a likelihood that other mutations will appear as a result. The organism would not be lacking the pigment gene if this explanation were true.
A genetic mutation causes albinism, a genetic disorder. The term substitution mutation refers to a mutation in which one or more bases are changed in the gene. Mutations in the pigment production gene can cause non-functional pigments to be synthesized, which can lead to albinism.
In the same way, gene deletions that result in a faulty protein are similar to those that result in an incorrect pigment production gene. When mRNA codons are misread, the wrong amino acids are incorporated into the protein, causing faulty pigment molecules to form.
During anaphase, non-disjunction of the chromosomes adds one extra chromosome to the genome, but it does not affect the pigment gene, so albinism cannot result.
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