A chemical reaction that has occurred can be identified by various things. Evolution of gas / formation of gas, Change in colour, Change in the state of matter, Emissions of light, Formation of precipitate / solid, Evolution of light.
Light may be absorbed and emission by atoms and molecules, which allows us to determine the number of energy levels an electron has as well as the distance between those levels. The photon energies that correspond to various colors of light vary. In essence, a photon is a bundle of light. A photon of red light would have less energy than a photon of blue light, for instance. Red and blue have different wavelengths, and since red has a longer wavelength than blue, it has a lower energy. Only in shells, which surround nuclei, do electrons actually exist. Shells are matched to specific energy levels.
The number of permitted energy levels in an atom depends on the arrangement of protons and electrons. The process of substances releasing various photons of color as their atoms return to their lower energy levels.
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