The core promoter is the site where proteins required for gene transcription, such as TATA-binding protein and RNA polymerase, bind, but promoter-proximal elements are specific to groups of genes that are regulated together.
Core promoters are defined as the 50-100 bp DNA segment where transcription begins. Genome-wide structural analyses have revealed a number of conserved DNA sequence elements that are frequently, but not always, associated with core promoters.
The proximal promoter is located about 250 base pairs upstream of the TSS and is where general transcription factors bind. Any eukaryotic DNA regulatory sequence that is close to (within 200 base pairs) a promoter and binds a specific protein, modulating transcription of the associated protein coding gene. Many genes are regulated by several promoter-proximal elements.
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