Respuesta :
Sutherland's experiments on alternative stable states in fouling communities were questioned by Connell and Sousa on the grounds that they did not last long enough.
Diverse marine animals that live on hard surfaces and are common in all coastal waters make up the fouling populations. For many years, these communities have served as a model system for studies on a range of ecological issues, including as community formation, the effects of invasive species and invasion resistance, disturbance, and predator-prey relationships.
Communities can display alternative states and take on different successional routes. In marine communities, predation is a very minor factor in succession .The tolerance model successfully predicts successional outcomes in the majority of marine environments.
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