A cellular biologist is curious as to why a protein is not being expressed even though they placed the needed transcription factors and ribosomes allowing for the transcription and translation of the protein to take place in the cell. They look at the mrna and find it is being translated but won't be exported from the nucleus. After careful observation she finds out that the mrna is missing its _____________. Without this of course the mrna would not be able to leave the nucleus.

After careful observation she finds out that the mrna is missing its poly-a tail. The RNA molecule is made more stable and is shielded from destruction by the poly-A tail.

The mature messenger RNA molecule may also be exported from the nucleus and translated into a protein by ribosomes in the cytoplasm thanks to the poly-A tail. Eukaryotic RNA frequently has the poly(A) tail modified, although it shouldn't be translated. Translation of the poly(A) sequences occurs when nonstop RNA with the poly(A) tail is translated, and we hypothesized that this aberrant translation may contribute to the regulation of nonstop gene expression. Since most mRNAs encode a stop codon that ends translation and keeps the ribosome from getting to the 3′ end of the message, poly(A) tails are often not translated.

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