The result of hydrogen ions being pumped into the intermembrane space is the formation of a proton gradient.
Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway by using the energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP, and reduce oxygen gas to water. Oxidative phosphorylation has two stages namely electron transport and chemiosmosis.
In the electron transport stage, high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH are transferred from one protein complex to another in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons release energy which is used to pump hydrogen ions from the matrix into the mitochondrial intermembrane space resulting in the formation of a proton gradient.
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