This is an example of natural selection.
In the field of biology, natural selection can be described as a process by which organisms that have better characteristics are able to survive in an environment and pass on their characteristics to their offspring.
In the scenario mentioned in the question above, larger beaks organisms were more adapted to the living conditions as compared to organisms having smaller beaks.
Hence, through natural selection, those organisms having better characteristics will be able to pass their characteristics to their organisms.
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