Question

proofreading removes approximately 99% of mismatchesbefore dna replication moves on.after proofreading whatis the mutation rate for dna replication in humans?

Answer 1

Before DNA replication continues, proofreading removes 99% of mismatches. After editing, the mutation rate for human DNA replication was determined to be $10^{-6}$ mutations per base pair.

DNA polymerase enzymes notice this during proofreading and swap out the wrongly inserted nucleotide to allow replication to proceed. About 99% of these flaws can be corrected through proofreading, but that is still insufficient for healthy cell activity. Human mutation rates have been calculated to range from $10^{4} - 10^{6\\}$ to 106 per gene per generation. Assuming that each human gamete experiences 30 nucleotide changes, the rate of nucleotide substitutions is calculated to be 1 in 108 every generation.

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