Due to cell type-specific transcription factors, the lens and liver cells of the same individual have significantly different phenotypes and functions.
The genes necessary to produce the blood proteins albumin and crystallin are present in both liver cells and lens cells, but only liver cells can produce albumin, whereas lens cells cannot produce crystallin (the main component of the lens of the eye). Which genes are expressed depends on the individual transcription factors (activators and repressors) produced in a particular type of cell. Even though all the cells in a multicellular organism have the same DNA, they may express quite diverse gene sets. A cell's collection of functional RNAs and proteins are determined by the set of genes that are expressed in that cell it gives the cell unique prperties.
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