Stress changes the shape or volume of a rock temporarily and later when stress is removed, the rock returns to its original shape or size. The rock comes under the type of elastic strain. Hence, option (d) ‘elastic strain’ is the correct answer.
Stress causes the build-up of strain, which results in the deformation of rocks. In response to stress, a very small amount of deformation in the shape or volume of the rock occurs temporarily. This is called elastic strain. It is because the resulting deformation of the rock is not permanent; when stress is removed, the rock comes back to its original shape or volume.
To summarize, elastic strain is a reversible effect of stress on the rocks by which rocks temporarily change their shape or size and regain their original shape or size once the stress is removed.
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