I'm not 100% sure on the first one but on the second I can help you out. How would you characterise the relationship? All it is, is that the more hours were spent studying, the higher the score will be.
Paul's function. Since the x values are hours of study all you must do is sub 3 for x in the equation giving you y = 8(3) + 40 = 24 + 40 = 64
What does the 40 mean? This in a straight line is the y-int so all its saying is that no matter how much study Paul does, he will at least get 40 marks.
Hope this helped :)
