The 20 distinct aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (of which there are two classes) produce one form of aa-tRNA for each amino acid in the genetic code.
A tRNA is created to pair a codon with a certain kind of amino acid. Because the third base in the tRNA anticodon can identify two or more different codons on an mRNA, even though there are 61 different codons that code for the 20 amino acids, there are only 45 different tRNAs. TRNA molecules cannot self-aminoacylate as a result of this separation; instead, 20 amino acid-specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) carry out this activity. According to these regulations, at least 32 tRNAs are required to detect every sense codon in mRNA.
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