Transcription factors regulate how much RNA will be produced from DNA. Transcription factors are a group of proteins in the cell nucleus that participate in the transcription of the genetic code into mRNA.
Transcription factors are the last link in the signal transduction pathway that converts extracellular signals to modulate genetic expression. Transcriptional regulation is achieved by utilizing proteins in specific DNA-built sequences and motifs that are usually located upstream of the target gene.
Important transcription factors play a role in controlling the number of important phenotypic variations. In addition, the number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) found contained sequences encoding transcription factors. Sequences encoding the transcription factor for a gene are called trans-acting sequences because they regulate the expression of a gene from a distance.
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