on a recent holiday weekend, a sample of 500 drivers was stopped by the police. 300 drivers were under 30 years of age. a total of 250 were under the influence of alcohol. of the drivers under 30 years of age, 175 were under the influence of alcohol. what is the probability that a driver selected at random from the sample of 500 is under 30 and not under the influence of alcohol?

Probability: - Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1.

Number of cases of A, N(A)= 250,

So,

P(A)=250/500 =0.5

and

N(Y)= 300, so P(Y)=300/500 =0.6

N(A and Y)= 175 so P(A and Y)= 175/500=0.35

A and Y are mutually exclusive implies A and Y donot have any elements in common, but here there are 175 people who are below 30 years and under the influence of alcohol, So they are not mutually exclusive!!

For A and Y to be independent, the Probability of A intersection Y should be equal to the product of their respective probabilities,

in this case P(A). P(Y)= 0.5*0.6=0.3 which is not equal to P( A intersection Y) (0.35)

So, A and Y are not mutually Independent also.

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