The extinction of a conditioned response does not totally restore the animal to its unconditioned state, as shown by spontaneous recovery. Hence, option D is the correct answer.
Ivan Pavlov initially identified and characterized the learning and memory process known as spontaneous recovery in his research on classical conditioning. In that context, it showcases the delayed reappearance of a previously suppressed conditioned reaction.
The dogs of Pavlov are an illustration of spontaneous recovery. When the food was no longer available and the bell rang, Pavlov's dogs would stop salivating (thus, the behavior is considered extinct). But when the bell was rung again after a few hours of rest, the dogs would begin to salivate.
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