For the past several weeks, Mr. A has been feeling run down, and he has noticed a weight loss of 10 pounds over the past month. He reports night sweats and a nagging cough that just would not go away. His TB skin test was positive, and the diagnosis was confirmed with a blood test and sputum culture. Mr. A had been healthy up until about 9 months ago when he started noticing that he stayed sick all the time. He said, "It just seems like my immune system is gone."
a. Why has the health care provider ordered an HIV test?
b. What additional manifestations would possibly indicate HIV?
c. Mr. A is devastated that anyone would even think he had HIV because he has never "been with another man." Upon what information will the nurse base the response?
d. Mr. A’s HIV ELISA test was positive. What is the next step in diagnosis?

a.) Healthcare personnel are in danger of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens including HIV. Important factors that influence the general risk for occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens include the number of infected individuals in the patient population and the type and number of blood contacts.

b.) Early HIV symptoms usually occur within a pair of weeks to a month or two after infection and are often like a bad case of the flu. In many of us, early HIV signs and symptoms include Fever, Headache, and Diarrhea that lasts for quite a week.

c.) Mr. A is shocked at the news that he has HIV since he has never been cursed with a contaminated needle, has never had sex with a person.

d.) Antibodies to HIV may take up to 6 months to develop after the initial exposure. A positive HIV antibody test means the body has been exposed to HIV (and the body has produced antibodies in response to this exposure).

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