A VSD is a hole or opening in the septum, which separates the two lower chambers of the heart (ventricles).
Before the fetus is born, the wall separating the chambers typically closes, preventing the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood. If the hole doesn't close, it might lead to higher heart pressure or less oxygen reaching the body. Typically, the right side of the heart pumps blood only to the lungs and the left side of the heart only pumps blood to the body. Blood can pass from the left pumping chamber (left ventricle) to the right pumping chamber (right ventricle) and out into the lung arteries in a child with VSD by passing through the hole.
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