In a laboratory, non-human tests on animals are performed first on drugs. To establish a level of safety, these laboratory tests are conducted.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) then reviews the results of these tests to decide whether the treatment is secure enough to be tested on volunteers. Before being used, new medications must undergo testing and trials to ensure their safety and efficacy. For toxicity, effectiveness, and dose, new medications are rigorously tested. Computers and cell samples are used in the initial stage of the preclinical trial to identify chemicals that appear to have an effect on the target. Computer simulations and laboratory-grown human cells are used to test the drugs.
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