When a researcher decides what information will be gathered (and from whom), that researcher deals with units of analysis.
The main thing you are analyzing in your research is called the unit of analysis. For example, if you compare students' test results in a classroom, each child is the unit of analysis.
The primary topic or thing the researcher plans to comment on in the study is an analysis unit. The research question is the major factor in determining it. Simply, the "who" or "what" the researcher is interested in investigating is the unit of analysis.
The significance of this idea is that it offers guidelines for understanding what is within the scope of your dissertation.
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