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Plant roots will be constrained when grown in shallow soil. As a result, the root volume will be less than it would otherwise be.

The first organ to emerge from a germination of a seed is the major plant root, or radicle. The seedling is anchored by its downward growth into the ground. The radicle develops into a taproot in angiosperms with two seed leaflets called gymnosperms and dicotyledons. In order to create a taproot system, it grows downward and secondary roots branch off of it laterally. The taproot can also be used to store food in some plants, such carrots and turnips. Grasses and other monocotyledons (angiosperms with a single seed leaf) have fibrous roots, which are distinguished by a mass of roots that are roughly the same diameter. This root system consists of numerous branching roots that originate from the stem's base instead of branching off from the central root.

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