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Bacteria have small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids in addition to the circular genetic DNA.

A plasmid is a tiny extrachromosomal DNA molecule that exists within a cell and may multiply independently of chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are most typically found in bacteria as tiny circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids may also be found in archaea and eukaryotic cells. Plasmid genes usually provide bacteria with genetic advantages such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids have proved instrumental in the advancement of molecular biotechnology. They operate as vectors or delivery vehicles for foreign DNA into bacteria.

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