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In simple summary form, the Calvin cycle requires an input of 3CO2 for every product that is formed and the output product is a three-carbon molecule which is used for glucose synthesis.
The Calvin cycle refers to the three essential processes of photosynthesis that are light-independent. Although the Calvin Cycle is not explicitly dependent on light, it is dependent on light indirectly because the required energy carriers (ATP and NADPH) are results of light-dependent processes.
Light-independent reactions are begun during fixation, the initial stage of the Calvin cycle; CO2 is fixed from an inorganic to an organic molecule.
In the second step, ATP and NADPH are utilized to convert 3-PGA to G3P, which is subsequently transformed to ADP and NADP+. Three molecules of CO2 enter the cycle for every six molecules of G3P generated. As an output, one G3P exits the cycle. The remaining five are kept and rearranged to make RuBP. Furthermore, the three-carbon molecule glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is removed from the cycle for glucose production.
RuBP is replenished near the end of the Calvin Cycle, allowing the system to prepare for further CO2 fixation.
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