The severe psychological effects of gender-based violence are in addition to the physical damage. Rejection from family and the community frequently makes the damage worse. In these societies, stigmatization of both boys and girls who are suspected of having experienced sexual assault is common.
Beyond the psychological harm, gender-based violence can cause physical harm, the acquisition of STDs like HIV, disruptions in sexual function and reproductive capacity, unintended pregnancies, and even death. Although it violates human rights, gender-based violence also has wider effects on development. The conservative estimates for the economic consequences of lost productivity as a result of domestic violence vary from 1.2 to 2 percent of GDP, which equates to the majority of developing country governments' expenditures on elementary education.
Violence inhibits productivity and economic activity, destabilizes institutions, and lowers corporate confidence, all of which have negative short- and long-term effects on the whole economy. All of these cause economic disruption, which has detrimental and enduring impacts even after the conflict has ended.
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