The process where a substance is dissolved in water and the temperature of the surroundings decreases is referred to endothermic as this process is characterized by the absorption of heat from the surroundings.
Why is this process endothermic?
Heat is absorbed from the surroundings and thus the surrounding temperature decreases. The relative amount of energy stored in the bonds between atoms of the substance dissolved in water and product molecules formed determines whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
When a substance is dissolved in water, the water molecules form a bond with the molecules or ions of the substance. The bond formed is enough to separate the particles from each other. However, if more energy is required to separate the particles of the substance from each other compared to the one lost to the surroundings causing the system to take in energy from it's surroundings, then the temperature goes down in a process referred to endothermic.
In summary, the exothermic process increases the temperature of the surroundings as it releases energy into its surroundings causing a negative change. While the endothermic process absorbs energy from its surroundings causing a gain in energy.
Learn more about the endothermic reaction at: https://brainly.com/question/18872665
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