The Crusades were military expeditions supported by the Catholic church to conquer the Holy Land.
The Crusades refer to a series of religious wars supported by the Roman Catholic Church from AD 1095, and which lasted for several centuries. The most intense wars occurred between 1095 and 1291, where the Crusades attempted to recover Jerusalem from Islam ruler.
The First Crusades were initiated by Pope Urban II, and led to conquest of large areas of the Holy Land by European Crusaders including the Knights Templar. One result of this was the creation of four Crusader states, namely the County of Edessa, the Country of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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