The first historical phase of prison discipline, which involved solitary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment, was the Pennsylvania system.
The Pennsylvania penal system, originating in 1682 under the leadership of William Penn, was the first state prison system to suggest the replacement of torture and mutilation as punishment for crimes with hard labor in houses of correction.
The Pennsylvania System was an early prison system requiring inmate silence, individual cells, and inmate labor in those cells.
The Pennsylvania system spread until it predominated in European prisons. Critics in the United States argued that it was too costly and had deleterious effects on the minds of the prisoners. The Pennsylvania system was superseded in the United States by the Auburn system.
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