The different composition of the cell walls of bacteria allow for the differential staining conditions.
The Gram staining technique differentiates between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by staining these cells either violet or red. This technique was developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884.
Gram-positive bacteria stain violet due to the fact that there exists a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. This layer holds on to the crystal violet dye which is used in staining.
On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria are stained red, which is accredited to a much thin peptidoglycan wall, which does not retain the crystal violet dye in the decoloring procedure.
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