The Southern oscillation is a seesaw variation in surface air pressure across the tropical Indian and pacific oceans.
Southern oscillation is a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical pacific ocean. During the low phase of the Southern oscillation, the atmosphere ocean system in the pacific operates in a remarkably different mode. During the high phase of the southern oscillation, both the eastern south pacific high and the Indonesia low are strongly developed, and vigorous easterly trade winds sweep the equatorial pacific, piling up waters at its western extremity.
This oscillating warming and cooling pattern, referred to as the SO cycle, directly affects rainfall distribution in the tropics and can have a strong influences on weather across the United States and other parts of the world.
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