Typically, metal ions are smaller than the neutral atoms they represent.
Positively charged protons and neutral or uncharged neutrons make up the core nucleus of an atom. Negatively charged electrons that move in electronic shells surrounding the nucleus encircle it.
In order to form a positive ion known as a cation, a metal atom tends to lose electrons from its outermost electronic shell. The number of electrons in a cation is smaller than the number of protons in the nucleus. As a result, a powerful force of attraction pulls electrons towards the nucleus. The metal ions shrink as a result.
Non-metal ions are bigger than the neutral atoms they are paired with.
In order to create a negative ion or anion, a nonmetal atom often gains electrons. In an anion the number of electrons is greater as a result of which electrons start repelling each other and the electrons spread out. This increases the size of anions. For this reason, nonmetal ions are typically larger.
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