Question

3. A social psychologist thinks that people are more likely to conform to a large crowd than to a single
person. To test this hypothesis, the social psychologist had either one person or five persons stand on a
busy walking path on campus and look up. The psychologist stood nearby and counted the number of
people passing by who also looked up.
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:

Answer 1

Independent variable: number of persons looking up on the path from the beginning (1 or 5). Dependent variable: number of people passing by who also looked up.

What are dependent and independent variables?

When conducting an experiment, we must always consider the involved variables.

• Independent variables are those modified or changed by the researcher to study how this change affects another variable and hence the results. This variable is not affected by any other one but influences or causes a reaction in other variables.

• The dependent variable is the one influenced by the independent variable, and is affected by any change on this last one. Its response might be either directly proportional or inversely proportional to the change in the independent variable.

In the exposed example, social psychologist is studing people behavior. She wants to know weather if people are more likely to conform to a large crowd or to a single person.

To analyze this, she propose two situations,

• one person looking up on a busy walking path on campus

• five persons looking up on a busy walking path on campus

The researcher wants to know the reaction of the passing by people. She counts in each situation, how many of them looks up.

In this example, the variable that is voluntarily modified by the researcher is the number of persons looking up on the path (1 or 5). So this is the independent variable.

On the other hand, the reaction of the passing by people in each situation is what she is analyzing. So the number of passing by people looking up in each situation is the dependent variable.

• Dependent variable: number of people passing by who also looked up

• Independent variable: number of persons looking up on the path from the beginning. (1 or 5)

You will learn more about dependent and independent variables at

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