The cohesive properties of water enable it to travel up through the roots and stems of plants to reach the leaves.
Water continually evaporates from the surface of leaf cells exposed to the air in plants that are actively developing. Additional water is absorbed from the soil to replenish this water. The liquid water in the plant flows from the soil water to the surface of the leaves, where evaporation causes it to change from a liquid to a gas.
As water molecules evaporate off the surfaces of leaf cells, the cohesive characteristics of water (hydrogen bonding between nearby water molecules) allow the column of water to be "drawn" up through the plant. The Cohesion Theory of Sap Ascent in Plants is the name given to this mechanism.
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