This is how the flow of matters and energy occurs in the system that has the sun, grass, cows, and humans: sun⇒grass⇒cow⇒humans.
The sun is the source of all energy, and it constantly sends energy to the planet. The only species that can directly absorb this energy are plants and algae, which do so to create food in the form of the sugar glucose. Glucose, a component of every plant material including grass, is responsible for storing solar energy in its bonds.
The stored energy is then released as herbivores like cows eat the grass. Cows are consumed by humans, who also consume the energy the cows ingested. The highest percentage of energy is found in plant matter, and meat has a far lower percentage of energy than plant matter. This implies that consuming plant matter provides us with more energy than eating animal matter.
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