Two factors that clinicians should consider before making a personality disorder diagnosis are the patient's level of distress and level of impairment.
According to the DSM-5, a personality disorder is often diagnosed when there is a long-term, considerable departure from cultural norms that causes severe discomfort or impairment in at least two of the following areas: how you view and understand who you are, how others are, and how events happen.
The following criteria must be met for a personality disorder diagnosis: a recurring, rigid pattern of maladaptive qualities including at least two of the following: affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control, and cognition (means of perceiving and interpreting oneself, others, and events).
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