The calculation of quantities in chemical equations is called stoichiometry. So, the correct option is (d).
By definition, stoichiometry is applying the relationships found in the balanced chemical equation to calculate the amounts of reactants or products in a chemical process. Stoichiometry was first established by Jeremias Benjaim Richter in 1792 as the science of calculating the amounts or mass ratios of chemical elements.
The proportions of variations in the concentrations of species that are interacting chemically are the subject of stoichiometry. Because they contain information about which substances are connected to one another through reactions, their proportions also reveal the topological structure of reaction networks.
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