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Simple carbohydrates consist of one or two sugar basic units; while complex carbohydrates are polysaccharide chains of simple sugars.
Carbohydrates
Usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water), a carbohydrate is a biomolecule made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms. As a result, it has the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m may or may not be different from n). However, not all compounds that do adhere to this precise stoichiometric criterion are automatically categorized as being carbohydrates (e.g., uronic acids, deoxy-sugars like fucose, and uronic acids do not correspond to this definition) (e.g. formaldehyde and acetic acid).
The word is most frequently used in the context of biochemistry where it is used as a shorthand for the term saccharide, which refers to a class of substances that includes sugars, starches, and cellulose. The four chemical subgroups of saccharides are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
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