It prevented either country from attacking the other because of the threat of an immediate return attack this is the idea of mutually assured destruction to promote peace during the cold war.
Theoretically, a nuclear attack by a superpower would, through mutually assured destruction, use early warning systems, automated missiles, air-launched nuclear bombs, and secret missile-equipped submarines to deliver overwhelming nuclear power to its target. You will encounter counterattacks. This leads to the complete destruction of both.
The main application of this doctrine began during the Cold War (the 1940s to 1991). During that time, the MAD was seen as useful in preventing direct all-out conflict while the United States and the Soviet Union fought smaller proxy wars around the world.
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