A theological doctrine or system that has been condemned as heretical by ecclesiastical authority. Originally, the Greek word hairesis only denoted the possession of a particular set of philosophical beliefs.
Most of the recognizable heretics held to a very straightforward interpretation of Christianity based on the New Testament. They valued modesty highly and condemned excessive wealth, as well as the financial and political influence of the church.
The "Edict of Thessalonica" of Theodosius I, which was written in 380, is credited with using the word "heresy" for the first time in a civil legal setting. The Church did not previously have any state-sponsored backing for any specific legal safeguards against what it considered to be "heresy" prior to the publication of this proclamation.
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