The states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
Addition of heat to a substance helps the molecules break the intermolecular forces of attraction.
Elements are pure substances consisting of same type of atoms while Compounds are pure substances consisting of two or more different atoms.
What are the states of matter?
The states of matter are four types namely:
- solid- have definite shape and volume
- liquid- can flow; have definite volume but no definite shape
- gas - have no definite shape or volume
- plasma- produced from the ionization of gases.
Addition of heat to a substance results in phase change as the heat added to the substance helps the molecules break the intermolecular forces of attraction.
Elements are pure substances consisting of entirely the same type of atoms, for example hydrogen.
Compounds are pure substances consisting of two or more different atoms, for example water.
A pure (hom0genous) substance consists of one more elements chemically joined together while mixtures consists of two or more substances physically joined together.
Physical changes are changes that can be easily reversed such as the melting of candle wax while chemical changes are changes that cannot be easily reversed such as rusting of iron.
The modern atomic theory is the theory that atoms consists of the three fundamental particles; electrons, protons and neutrons.
Democritus stated that all matter consists of atoms which are extremely small and indestructible.
Dalton stated that all elements consists of small indivisible particles called atoms and that atoms of the same element were alike in all respects.
Atoms consists of electrons which are found in energy levels or orbits around the nucleus where the protons and neutrons are found.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different masses.
Atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the atom while the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom.
The period table of elements is arranged in increasing order of atomic number of elements into groups and periods.
In conclusion, matter is the main component of materials and it exists in four different states.
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