The religious splitting and political changes (who had power over churches) causes european countries to fight for dominance of their religions in the new world, and also causes refugees to leave
The 16th century was a period of strong economic expansion. This expansion played a major role in many other social, political and cultural changes of the early modern period.
By 1500 most parts of Europe were experiencing population growth after two centuries of population decline or stagnation. Intra-European trade ties strengthened, and the "wheel of trade" (in the words of 20th-century French historian Fernand Braudel) turned faster than ever. The great geographic discoveries that were underway at the time integrated Europe into the world economic system.
Many new commodities imported from newly discovered lands enriched material life. Not only trade, but also the production of commodities increased through new forms of production organization.
Understandably, historians have had difficulty defining the exact place of this complex century in the course of European development.
To learn more about political and religious developments in Europe from the given link
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