Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule is defined as contracture.
Contractures are defined as the lack of full passive range of motion (ROM) of a joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. Contractures develop when normal elastic connective tissues are replaced with inelastic fibrous tissue. There are many causes of contractures including chronic inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis), deformity (osteoarthritis, scoliosis), immobility (after fracture or surgery), injury (burns, stroke), disease (Parkinson's disease), or a combination of these factors. Joint flexibility is inversely related to aging.
Generally, there is a systemic decrease in active and passive motion of all joints with age, with the decline becoming more pronounced during the ninth decade. However, not all elderly individuals experience a decline in joint flexibility as they age. Significant increases in ROM can be achieved with exercise, activity and good stretching programs.
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