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The hard mineralized parts of vertebrate bones include spicules of  chemical compound called calcium phosphate.

What are vertebrates?

Padophryne amauensis, a species of frog, is just 7.7 mm (0.30 in) long, while the blue whale may grow up to 33 m in length (108 ft). Less than 5% of all known animal species are vertebrates; the remainder are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns.

The hagfish is typically considered a member of the vertebrate order, despite the fact that its closest living cousins, the lampreys, possess correct vertebrae.

However, hagfish do have a skull. For this reason, while discussing morphology, the vertebrate subphylum is occasionally referred to as "Craniata." Hagfish are thought to be most closely related to lampreys in a monophyletic sense, according to molecular analyses conducted since 1992.

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