Primary protective barrier means the material, excluding filters, placed in the useful beam to reduce the radiation exposure by a required degree, for protection purposes.
a) Primary = barrier sufficient to attenuate the useful beam to the required degree. b) Secondary = barrier sufficient to attenuate the stray radiation (leakage + scattered) to the required degree. Usage factor = Fraction of the time during which the beam is directed to a particular barrier.
Radiation shielding is based on the principle of attenuation, which is the gradual loss in intensity of any energy through a medium. Lead acts as a barrier to reduce a ray's effect by blocking or bouncing particles through a barrier material.
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