The Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread to the rest of the world, including the United States, by the 1830s and '40s, fueled by the game-changing use of steam power.
Britain has a long history of producing textiles such as wool, linen, and cotton, thanks in part to its damp climate, which is ideal for raising sheep. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, however, the British textile industry was a true "cottage industry," with individual spinners, weavers, and dyers working in small workshops or even their homes.
Beginning in the mid-18th century, innovations such as the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, and power loom simplified weaving cloth and spinning yarn and thread. Cloth production became faster, requiring less time and far less human labor.
Thanks to the introduction of new machines and techniques in textiles, iron making, and other industries, goods that were once painstakingly crafted by hand began to be produced in mass quantities by machines in factories.
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