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In order for a cell to divide, all of its genetic information has to be duplicated through a process called DNA replication
What is DNA replication?
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of generating two identical DNA replicas from the original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all organisms and is the most important part of biological inheritance.
It is essential for cell division during growth and repair of damaged tissue, and also ensures that each new cell receives its own copy of DNA. Cells have a characteristic property of division that makes DNA replication essential. Within the cell, DNA replication begins at specific sites or origins of replication in the genome that contain the organism's genetic material. Replication forks grow in two directions from the origin due to the unwinding of DNA at the origin and the synthesis of new strands that are incorporated by enzymes known as helicases.
DNA replication (DNA amplification) can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to start DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) are examples.
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