According to the octet rule, if an atom has fewer than 8 electrons in the outer most energy level, it will react with other nearby atoms to give, receive or share electrons until it has a full outer shell.
The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer eight electrons in their valence shell.
If the atom has less than 8 electrons, the atoms tend to react to form more stable compounds.
The discussion of the octet rule does not consider d or f electrons. It is useful for main group elements because only s and p electrons participate in the octet rule.
Atoms are reacted to be as stable as possible. Complete octets are very stable because all orbitals are full. Since atoms with higher stability have less energy, reactions that increase the stability of atoms release energy in the form of heat or light.
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