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Zuzsi is conducting a study to determine whether skateboarding causes a reduction in blood pressure. in this experiment, skateboarding is the independent variable.
An independent variable is defines as the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment. It represents the cause or reason for an outcome.
Independent variables are the variables that the experimenter changes to test their dependent variable. A change in the independent variable directly causes a change in the dependent variable. The effect on the dependent variable is measured and recorded.
Independent Variable Examples
A scientist is testing the effect of light and dark on the behavior of moths by turning a light on and off. The independent variable is the amount of light and the moth's reaction is the dependent variable.
In a study to determine the effect of temperature on plant pigmentation, the independent variable (cause) is the temperature, while the amount of pigment or color is the dependent variable (the effect).
There are two ways to identify the independent variable. The first is to write the hypothesis and see if it makes sense:
- Student test scores have no effect on the number of hours the students sleeps.
- The number of hours students sleep have no effect on their test scores.
Only one of these statements makes sense. This type of hypothesis is constructed to state the independent variable followed by the predicted impact on the dependent variable. So, the number of hours of sleep is the independent variable.
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