When an action results in pleasurable experiences and is repeated, the learning process known as operant or instrumental conditioning has taken place.
Operant conditioning is a process by which humans and animals learn to behave in a certain way to obtain rewards and avoid punishments. The behavior of all animals and humans is guided by consequences. Operant conditioning is a goal oriented behavior.
The selecting process that guides operant conditioning are of two kinds: behavior enhancing and behavior suppressing. When the dog learns to get a stick for a treat, it is positively reinforced. If a rat learns to avoid electric shock on pressing the lever, it is negatively reinforced.
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