The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of fatty acids.
In bacteria, the cell wall forms a rigid structure of uniform thickness around the cell and is responsible for the characteristic shape of the cell (rod, coccus, or spiral).
Inside the cell wall (or rigid peptidoglycan layer) is the plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane; this is usually closely opposed to the wall layer.
It is also important to note that most bacteria (about 90%) have a cell wall and they typically have one of two types: a gram positive cell wall or a gram negative cell wall.
Both gram positive and gram negative cell walls contain an ingredient known as peptidoglycan (also known as murein).
This particular substance hasn’t been found anywhere else on Earth, other than the cell walls of bacteria.
The bacterial cell wall performs several functions as well, in addition to providing overall strength to the cell. It also helps maintain the cell shape, which is important for how the cell will grow, reproduce, obtain nutrients, and move.
It protects the cell from osmotic lysis, as the cell moves from one environment to another or transports nutrients from its surroundings.
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