What mechanisms function to localize sound in the horizontal and vertical planes?
Horizontal sound localization results from two mechanisms: interaural time delay and interaural intensity difference.
The capacity to pinpoint the position or source of a detected sound in terms of distance and direction is known as sound localization.
Numerous studies have been conducted on the mammalian auditory system's sound localization mechanisms. The auditory system uses a variety of indicators, such as spectral information, timing difference, level difference (or intensity difference) between the ears, and others, to locate the source of sound. Other animals, including birds and reptiles, employ these cues as well, however there may be variances in how they are used. In addition, there are localization cues that are not present in the human auditory system, such as the results of ear movements. It is obvious that animals that can localize sound have an evolutionary advantage.
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